Before taking to the skies, a pilot learns the inner workings of an airplane. Rare book collectors should do the same with books; it’s important to understand how a book is put together so it’s easier to recognize the signs of fine craftsmanship, to spot reproductions, and to assess the value of potential additions to your collection. Here are the basics of book assembly.
Modern Book Construction 101
Before a binding or cover is ever added to the book, the individual pages, or leaves, must be attached to one another. There are two methods for leaf attachment: sewn and adhesive.
Sewing the pages together creates the strongest binding, but this method is also more expensive. With this method, multiple gatherings (called signatures) are sewn through the folds of the pages. Books bound this way usually open very well. Oversewing may also be done for children’s books and books that have a library binding.
On the other hand, if adhesive is used, it is applied directly to the pages, on the side where the binding will be placed. This is called the text block. Adhesive may be applied while the text block is closed, or while the pages are fanned out.
To hold the book to the spine and cover, books have joints and hinges. A joint attaches the spine to the cover on the exterior of the book. A hinge attaches the pages to the inside of the cover. Note that paperback books don’t need hinges or joints because the paper cover is attached directly to the pages.
Handling a book properly will extend the life of the joints and hinges. Check back soon for more insight on book preservation and restoration from some special guest bloggers!
June 1st, 2011
This week we introduce Sean E. Richards, of Byzantium Studios, Limited. Sean is a true craftsman who specializes in book restoration and conservation. He combines modern conservation methods with traditional techniques to deliver superior results.
Q: What sparked your love of rare books and book binding?
A: I grew up accompanying my parents on weekend “antiquing” trips. One Saturday I uncovered a 1790 copy of The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. That same week, I received a catalog of rare books thanks to a mistake at the post office. From then on, I was hooked. I spent my days conducting “book autopsies,” taking apart books to see how they were assembled.
Q: Tell us a little about one of you favorite projects.
A: The University of Oklahoma invited me to restore a 1610 copy of Galileo Galilei’s Sidereus nuncius—signed by Galileo himself! The library shied away from discussing the books cost, classifying it only as “irreplaceable.” But it has since been valued at over $2 million. I worked on the book at a makeshift workshop in the library, over about two weeks. Even though I was confident in the quality and precision of my work, the project was extremely challenging and gained a lot of attention. It was invigorating to complete a project of such magnitude.
Q: When should a collector consider rebinding or restoring a book?
A: First it’s important to think about the potential value of the book. A $50 book probably doesn’t merit extensive restoration, since repairing the book probably won’t add significant value—or any at all. The exception is if the book has personal value.
Ultimately, restoring a book often enhances its value, makes it more usable, and ensures that you’ll be able to pass it down to future generations if desired. If any of these is a concern, then restoring or rebinding the book is the best choice.
Q: How does restoring or rebinding affect a book’s value?
A: That depends on the quality of the restoration or rebinding. A cheap library binding will most certainly decrease the value of a book. On the other hand, if the binding is totally missing, then replacing it with one close to the original will naturally add to the book’s value. A first-rate book preservationist can create an authentic looking replica binding and provide a record of all work done.
Q: What should rare book collectors look for when choosing someone to restore their books?
A: Book restoration really is an art form. Look for someone who can provide samples of work and references—after all, this person will be handling some of your most cherished investments. Ask about the materials and tools to be used. And remember that an exceptional restoration may cost more than the relative value of the book. But a first-rate job will more than pay for itself in the long run.
If you have other questions about book binding, preservation, or conservation, Sean welcomes your inquiries. Contact him via his website.
May 11th, 2011
